Multivariate Optimization Applied to the Synthesis of Meglumine Antimoniate with Low Levels of Trivalent Antimony

Meglumine antimoniate (MA) is a pentavalent antimony (SbV) drug recommended for the treatment of leishmaniasis. It known that trivalent (SbIII) present as residue in MA contributes to side effects. In this article, multivariate optimization was used synthesis order obtain with low levels SbIII. Four variables (source antimony, temperature, water volume and pH) were preliminarily evaluated by 24-1 fractional factorial design. Central composite design (CCD) determine optimal conditions, using two different sources SbV significant selected Response surface methodology obtained CCD provided model non-significant regression (p = 0.05) synthetic route via KSb(OH)6. On other hand, SbCl5 reached minimum value SbIII content 0.172% regression, it further evaluations. The analysis formulations synthesized under optimized conditions revealed efficiency reduce content. addition, monitoring some physicochemical parameters these maintained at 40 ºC 90 days, showed stability not altered 95% confidence level.